Addressing the unique challenges faced by individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities (I/DD) in their sexual health and identity is crucial for promoting their well-being and autonomy. This article delves into key strategies and considerations to keep in mind when working with clients exploring the various aspects of sexuality.
Understanding Values and Personal Beliefs
A fundamental aspect of the discussion is the exploration of personal values, which profoundly influence individual behaviors related to sexuality. These values are shaped by personal experiences, family dynamics, peer interactions, religious beliefs, professional associations, and societal norms. For individuals with I/DD, respecting and understanding these values is essential for supporting healthy sexual expression and identity.
The Circles of Sexuality
The framework of the Circles of Sexuality provides a comprehensive perspective on various aspects of sexuality. Each circle requires tailored approaches to support and educate individuals with I/DD effectively. Let’s review what these five circles are and how they help provide better care.
Sexualization: This circle involves the use of sexuality to influence, control, and/or manipulate others. For example, flirting, sexual harassment, and media messages/images.
Sexual and reproductive health: This circle addresses the attitudes and behaviors related to the sexual and reproductive systems, including health and hygiene, the health consequences of sexual behavior, and the biology of producing children.
Sexual identity and expression: This circle addresses a person’s understanding of who they are sexually, including a sense of maleness and femaleness (or neither).
Sensuality: Our skin is the body’s largest sex organ, and nearly everyone has an intense desire for physical contact such as touching, caressing, and holding. This involves one’s level of awareness, acceptance, and enjoyment of one’s own and others’ bodies.
Intimacy: The experience of mutual closeness with another person.
Promoting Access to Sexual Health Education and Services
Access to comprehensive sexual health education and reproductive healthcare remains a critical challenge. Many individuals with disabilities encounter barriers such as limited access to information, lack of disability-friendly healthcare facilities, and financial constraints.
In fact, just 53% of youth aged 14 or older served by the special education system have received reproductive health education. To help address these barriers, you can advocate for policy changes, provide training for your organization’s providers, and advocate for disability rights.
Practical Tips
To better serve their clients understand and explore their sexuality, here are some tips direct support professionals (DSPs) can use in their practice:
Acknowledge your own values and knowledge first
There’s no need have to know all the answers
Don’t wait to be asked a question; use the media as a tool for conversations
Always use correct terminology
Be aware of your organizational policies and local laws
Support the development of intimate relationships
At the organizational level, consider:
Reviewing your organizational policies to ensure you are supporting the sexual rights of individuals with disabilities.
Training all staff on supporting sexuality and healthy relationships.
Engaging guardians, family members, and other natural supports in these conversations.
Final thoughts
Enhancing the sexual health and well-being of individuals with I/DD requires a multifaceted approach encompassing education, accessibility, advocacy, and inclusivity. By respecting personal values, promoting comprehensive sexual education, and advocating for accessible healthcare, we can foster a supportive environment where everyone, regardless of ability, can experience healthy sexuality and relationships.
Watch our webinar to learn more about supporting healthy sexuality for your I/DD clients from experts on the topic.
Jordan Baker is Content Marketing Manager at Relias.
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